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Getting Started with your Wine Kit

3/11/2013

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This is about the level your wine should be after emptying and rinsing your bag. You'll need to top it up to 6 gallons. It looks brown and cloudy now, but someday, it'll look like white wine!
Once you’ve got your supplies purchased and ready to go, you can get that wine kit started! I started mine on February 24th (just so you have an idea on the timeline.) As a note, this’ll be a long post, so I won’t be posting the whole thing on the blog page. Be sure to click through to “read more.” It may be a little drier reading than I usually post unless you’re actually trying to follow along at home- or if you’re super curious about the home winemaking process from a kit. 

Step one was to mix up my cleansers and sanitizers in my old vinegar jugs. I recommend just following the recommended dosage from the labels on whatever products you are using. I did one batch of Easy Clean (cleanser,) one batch of Iodophor (another food safe cleaning agent,) and one of the sanitizing agent Potassium Metabisulphite (KMS.) I usually use the powdered version of the KMS, but my local store was out of it, so I used the tablet form. You have to crush them up for sanitizer, so it felt like a little bit of a waste. I still like the powder best. Also, be warned that the fumes from the KMS solution can be pretty potent. You can wind up with some coughing and nose burning if you don’t keep it ventilated well! I usually mix mine up over the bathtub and leave the window open.

Once you’re all mixed up, then you’ll want to use all 3 products on each of your tools.  Be sure to cleanse and sanitize (if scrubbing, use a plastic brush only) the following very thoroughly:
·      Plastic fermenter and lid
·      Mixing spoon
·      Wine thief (this is a cool little tool that lets liquid in when you stick it down in the bucket or carboy, or whatever, but then due to gravity pulling on the pin in the end, doesn’t let the liquid back out till you push the pin back in. It’s the primary tool you’ll use for drawing samples of your juice and wine out through the process.) Truthfully, in this step of the process, I think the thief is optional, but it does make things easier.
·      Thermometer
·      Hydrometer
·      Test tube
You’ll also want to get your de-capper ready.

Read through the instructions for all steps of the winemaking process that are included in your kit. Even if you don’t 100% understand some of the later steps without seeing them, it’s good to read through it all.

My kit instructed me to empty the juice bag into my primary fermenter, which I carefully did. The trickiest part for me, the first time I did it was getting the neck of the bag to sit properly in the hole in the top of the box, as intended. You can see what it is supposed to look like here:

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At this point, they recommended that I rinse the bag with warm water and dump that into the fermenter as well, just to maximize the juice extracted from the bag. 

Since I knew I’d need water of a particular temperature later in the process anyhow, I decided to boil a kettle of water as well as keep some regular room-temperature water handy. This gave me control later on when I needed to get my juice between 70 and 75°F. I use only filtered water, just to be safe. 

Once my juice was in the fermenter, and I’d mixed in the bentonite clay (I recommend you just follow the instructions here,) the goal was to get the juice up to the 6 gallon mark and get it to the right temperature and sugar level for the yeasties. 


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You Too Can Make Wine!

2/22/2013

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I even make wine in my apartment. It is lovingly referred to closet, or alternatively, bathtub wine. Care is taken to keep the cat hair out of it. Don't worry.
Are you curious about making wine yourself? Afraid to give it a try? Don’t be! Thanks to easy-to-follow home winemaking kits it is cinchier than you’d think.

I’ve done several in my one bedroom apartment- with moderate success (the wines are definitely drinkable, but all wind up a little sweeter than I’d like.) I am going to chronicle the process of my next kit to share with y’all as I go along.

I’m working with a Vintner’s Reserve Pinot Blanc juice kit. The kit generally comes with juice, yeast, fining agents, and any other additions you need to make (like SO2 or oak.) The juice is already supposedly balanced for sugar, acid, nutrients, etc. As a general rule, I’d recommend you start with a white kit- just till you get the hang of things. There’re fewer steps to take, and you don't have to worry about color quite so much. The kits vary in price from a basic one like I listed above to some special edition ones. This is the first time I've gone this bare-bones, so we'll see how it turns out. 

I plan to stray a little from the kit's instructions this time around, but if you’re a first timer and new to the winemaking process, I’d say just follow them to a T. If you are patient and can follow a recipe, you'll be dandy. The last two kits I’ve made have turned out decently well, but a little sweeter tasting than I’d like (despite finishing the fermentation) so this time I plan to do some tinkering around with acid additions. The other route I could take would be to try a different yeast strain, but this time, my goal is to play with acid.

One of my classmates, Dave Specter, of the soon-to-open Bells Up Winery in Newberg Oregon, (we’ll call him Dave the Awesome, or DtA for short,) was super generous and hooked me up with a list of supplies for my first home winemaking kit (and even mailed me a few extra useful things later on.) His suggestions were extremely helpful in getting me started. I’ve included them (as well as a few extras from my own experience) here. The notes are mine, but the list itself was mainly compiled by Dave.  If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. If you want to praise Dave's awesomeness, do so in the comments. 

I do recommend you get everything on DtA’s list before getting started. (I recommend you stock up on cleaning and sanitizing ingredients in larger quantities than you think you’ll need. Sanitation is everything. The majority of time you spend on this project will be cleaning and sanitizing. It is tedious, but 100% worth it. If you’re gonna be lazy about cleanliness, don’t bother making wine at all. It’ll be a complete waste of time and money if you get to the end and find out you’ve got vinegar or something that tastes like a packing box that sat in a flooded garage for a week. And yes, that's a thing.)

In terms of purchasing, I of course, recommend your local brewing or winemaking supply store first. However, if you don’t have one, then you can order online quite easily. Midwest Supplies has it all (and thanks to Facebook, I now know that one of my high school classmates works for them- small world!) Your first shopping trip for supplies won’t be cheap. But once you’ve stocked up, the only things you really have to get for each subsequent wine batch are juice kits, corks, bottles (unless you wash and re-use!) and cleaning and sanitizing stuff. Not too shabby.

OK- Go forth, collect your supplies and watch for the next post to get you started! 


Did you know?
Winemaking can actually be dangerous! When working in the cellar, safety demands that a buddy system be used. There have been (very rare) cases of workers passing out and falling into tanks of wine because they got hit by a big rush of carbon dioxide at the top! Yipes! Especially while cleaning, some workers will even wear a harness- just in case. For you fellow TV nerds, there was even an episode of USA's Royal Pains in which this dilemma was featured. As I recall, the patient was saved- crisis averted!
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A flowchart! 

2/3/2013

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This is for you more visual learners. It details the white winemaking process (red would have a few more steps.)
 It has a lot of info I didn't really cover in-depth in my first post, but hopefully it's decently easy to understand anyhow. Enjoy and remember to ask any questions in the comments!

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Sulfites. A bad rap...

2/1/2013

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Firstly, I should apologize for not getting in the more fun, photo filled post I was hoping for- I’ve been pretty sick, and therefore missed some great photo ops last weekend at Wines of the World. It also didn’t allow for the taste-along-post I have planned. I decided not to feed my fever with wine...  But those posts are coming. I promise!

So, for this post, I want to talk about sulfites and their unfair reputation. I hear a lot of people say “oh, I can’t drink wine because I’m allergic to the sulfites- they give me a headache…” Well. In a word. No.

Sulfites are added to many, many things we eat all the time from frozen foods to dried fruit. They are naturally occurring in wine in very small amounts but are also added to prevent microbial growth. Some winemakers are brave and don’t use additions, but this is very risky. Even one yeast or bacterial cell in a bottle could spoil the whole thing. It’s safer to add sulfites- usually in the form of potassium metabisulfite, and most winemakers do. However, even in the cases where they’re added to wine, the amount is miniscule (we’re talking somewhere around 40 parts per million at the time of addition- and they dissipate easily, even from a closed bottle- so by the time you’re drinking it, it’s far, far less.) For a person to react to such a miniscule amount, they'd have to be extremely sensitive. 

Furthermore, sulfite allergies do not present as a headache- they’d present as typical allergic reactions- trouble breathing, itching, sneezing, etc. Due to the commonality of sulfites in our food, if you were allergic (especially to the point of detecting them in such eensy amounts,) you would already know that they were a significant health issue for you.  

So… why do some people get a headache from drinking wine? Well, the verdict is still out here… There are many different (and often contradictory) studies trying to figure this out, but no one has definitively… yet...

We do know that headaches are more commonly reported from red wine than white- and some scientists theorize that this could be due to small amounts of histamines present in red wines. It is certainly possible- however, remember that again, there are such very, very, very teensy amounts of histamines in wine, a person would have to be extraordinarily sensitive to them to have a response from a single glass of red. And again, if you were that sensitive, you’d probably already know.

So, while we don’t really know exactly why some people get a headache from red wine but not from white (it could be as simple as higher sugar and alcohol levels,) we can be pretty sure it ISN’T sulfites. If you’re one of these sensitive people, double up on your water, and pop an anti-histamine- just for good measure. 


Don't believe me yet? Check out this Wall Street Journal article. Or this one, from the Chicago Tribune. If you have access to scientific journals, there are many more studies out there- but they're not exactly light reading... 

Did you know?
Most wine is not truly vegan. (Sorry friends!) They can contain traces of insects, chicken eggs, and even fish products! 

Any insects on the grapes when they are harvested and brought into the winery are crushed right into the wine. This seldom causes any issues in terms of wine quality, and due to fermentation and filtering, bacterial contamination from these bugs is not a concern.
Also, some winemaking processes, such as egg whites for tannin removal, involve the use of animal products- again, you won’t get salmonella, but traces could remain! Isinglass (derived from fish bladders) is also sometimes used to settle suspended solids out of wine.
All are pretty gross to think about, but don’t negatively affect the quality of the wine in your glass- I promise! 

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Berry to Bottle... in a nutshell.

1/16/2013

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For this first post, let’s talk a little bit about how wine is made. This is possibly review for some of you, but who knows? It could be mind blowing new info! 
This will likely be wordier than most of my entries, but it’s laying out some (bare bones) fundamentals, so bear with me.

At its most basic level, wine exists because of fermentation: yeast + grape juice = alcohol, carbon dioxide, and a little bit of heat.

Wine stops fermenting on its own eventually because alcohol is toxic to yeast (kinda sad that the little guys produce the very material that winds up killing them…) The yeast gobble up most of the sugars and nutrients in the grape juice, until they've made enough alcohol to kill them off.  
(As a rule, white wines are less alcoholic than reds and alcohol by volume in finished wines tend to range between 11%-this is really low- and 15%-this is really high and usually only happens in fortified wines- more on those later.)   

Alcohol content can be controlled by the winemaker by stopping fermentation before the yeast eat up all of the sugar and nutrients, leaving a lower ABV (alcohol by volume) but the wine will contain residual sugar.  If a wine is allowed to ferment till it finishes on its own (called fermenting to dryness because it means it has used up all the sugar, and dry = not sweet) and still has a really high alcohol content, this is likely because the grapes were really sugary to begin with and probably involved the use of a yeast strain that is more resistant to alcohol. 

Most winemakers harvest their grapes once they know they contain a sugar level that will give them the eventual alcohol concentration (and residual sugar content) that they want for the type of wine they’re making.

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    I'm a wine-loving actress in the Windy City who holds certificates in Enology and Viticulture from Washington State University. I also own a hilarious cat.

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